Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis
Shea BWells GCranney AZytaruk NRobinson VGriffith LHamel COrtiz ZPeterson JAdachi JTugwell PGuyatt G
High-confidence evidence from multiple solid studies
Summary
A meta-analysis examining the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Calcium supplementation significantly attenuated BMD loss at the spine and hip. Co-supplementation with vitamin D tended to enhance benefits. Effects were greatest in populations with low baseline calcium intake. However, excessive intake may be associated with cardiovascular risks, so adherence to upper intake levels is recommended.
Key findings
- 1
Calcium supplementation significantly reduced BMD loss at the spine and femur in postmenopausal women
- 2
Co-supplementation with vitamin D enhanced calcium absorption and skeletal benefits
- 3
Greater benefits observed in populations with low dietary calcium intake
- 4
Long-term supplementation exceeding 1,000 mg/day has been associated with elevated cardiovascular risk in some studies
Related supplements
PR
Reported to slow bone density loss in postmenopausal women, especially those with low dietary intake
The links below include affiliate links (PR).
Last checked: 2026-06-24